This is a compendium of exercises that I like and described in depth.
I categorized this list into movement categories: push, pull, hinge and squat. All these movement categories emphasize different muscle groups. A well-rounded routine incorporates all categories.
Push
[Chest, Triceps, Front of Shoulders]
Push-up
Handstand Push-up
One-arm Push-up
L-Sit
Pull
[Lats, Upper Back, Biceps, Back of Shoulders]
Horizontal Rows
Pull-ups
Pull-up Alternatives
Advanced Pull-up Variations
Squat
[Quadriceps, Glutes]
Bodyweight Squat
Pistol Squat
Hover Lunges
Hinge
[Glutes, Hamstrings, Lower Back]
Bodyweight Leg-Curls
Single-leg Romanian Deadlift
Split-stance Deadlifts